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Essential Information Following Vaccination

Published: 00:00 - 22/12/2021 Author: Nguyễn Thị Kiều Liên 10:47 27/12/2021 Views: 1
🤖 AI Translation Notice: This article was automatically translated by AI from the official Vietnamese publication of the School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (HMU). For official legal/administrative reference, please consult the original Vietnamese version →.
Both children and adults must be monitored for at least 30 minutes at the vaccination facility. If any abnormal symptoms, such as vomiting, rapid or irregular breathing, wheezing, or skin rashes, are observed, notify the nearest medical staff immediately.
Post-Vaccination Monitoring
      ?Both children and adults must be monitored for at least 30 minutes at the vaccination facility. If any abnormal symptoms, such as vomiting, rapid or irregular breathing, wheezing, or skin rashes, are observed, notify the nearest medical staff immediately.
       Children require continued monitoring for 24 - 48 hours post-vaccination, including:
  • Body temperature and respiratory rate
  • Alertness (playfulness), appetite, and sleep patterns
  • Observation of the skin and the injection site (swelling, redness, rashes)                                                                                                                        ?Post-Vaccination Care for Children
  • Dress the child in comfortable, breathable clothing
  • Maintain a regular nutritional regimen; encourage breastfeeding and increased fluid intake
  • Standard antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen) may be administered at weight-appropriate doses if the child has a fever > 38.5°C or is inconsolable
  • If the injection site is swollen or red, a cold compress may be applied to help reduce pain and swelling
  • When holding the child, avoid touching the injection site; do not apply medicated oils, hot compresses, lemon juice, potato slices, or any other substances to the site, as this may cause infection
  • Do not use aspirin or additional cough and fever medications, as these products may lead to an overdose of paracetamol in children  
     
     ?Common Post-Vaccination Reactions:
Reactions following vaccination can be classified into two categories:
  • Mild reactions:
    • Usually occur within a few hours after vaccination.
    • Resolve within a short period and are generally low-risk.
    • Local reactions include: pain, swelling, and redness at the injection site.
    • Systemic reactions include: mild fever, chills, malaise, fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, headache, and loss of appetite.
  • Mild reactions typically occur early on the day of vaccination or the following day (except for urticaria following the Measles vaccine, which may appear 6 - 12 days post-vaccination) and persist for a few days.
  • Severe reactions:
    • Usually do not result in long-term consequences.
    • May cause disability.
    • Life-threatening conditions are rare.
    • Include seizures and allergic reactions caused by the body's response to vaccine components.
?Severe post-vaccination reactions include seizures, thrombocytopenia, hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode (HHE), persistent inconsolable crying, anaphylaxis, etc.
The majority of severe post-vaccination reactions do not leave long-term consequences. Even anaphylaxis, while potentially life-threatening, can be medically managed without permanent sequelae.

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