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Vietnam ranks 30th globally in terms of tuberculosis (TB) burden. Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death among adults worldwide.![]()
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there were approximately 10 million TB cases and 1.4 million TB-related deaths worldwide in 2019. In Vietnam, the WHO estimated approximately 174,000 new TB cases and 11,000 TB-related deaths in 2018, placing the country among the 30 nations with the highest TB burden globally.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
+ Pulmonary TB: This is the most common form of TB (accounting for 80–85% of total cases) and is the primary source of transmission to others.
+ Extrapulmonary TB: TB that affects organs outside the lungs, such as the pleura, lymph nodes, peritoneum, genitourinary system, skin, bones, joints, meninges, and pericardium.
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), and TB-HIV co-infection represent significant challenges to the Vietnamese healthcare system. Each year, the country records approximately 6,400 new cases of MDR-TB and 7,400 cases of TB-HIV co-infection. Both forms of TB carry a high risk of early mortality.
Therefore, BCG vaccination for children is essential. The optimal window for BCG vaccination is from birth to under one month of age.
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BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) is a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis (TB). The BCG vaccine contains a live, attenuated strain of the bacterium that causes TB. However, because the bacteria have been weakened, they are incapable of causing the disease and instead provide protective immunity..jpg)
The BCG vaccine is typically recommended for infants and young children. It is particularly effective in preventing severe forms of TB, including tuberculous meningitis, with a protective efficacy of up to 70%. Adults who are TB-negative, have not been previously vaccinated, and are frequently exposed to risk factors should also consider vaccination.
Furthermore, the BCG vaccine is highly effective in preventing Buruli ulcer and other non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections. Notably, this vaccine requires only a single dose, with no booster doses necessary..jpg)
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Early BCG vaccination for infants is the most effective measure to protect children for at least the first 8–10 years of life, particularly against severe forms of TB.
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